Validation of the R2CHADS2 and CHADS2 Scores for Predicting Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment.

Abstract

Objective Post-stroke cognitive impairment often afflicts stroke survivors and is a major obstacle both for cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Stroke risk scores ["Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, Stroke" (CHADS2) and "CHADS2 + creatinine clearance <60 mL/min" (R2CHADS2)] are used to assess the future risk of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, congestive heart failure, hypertension, aging, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and renal dysfunction are also risk factors for cognitive impairment. Methods Sixty-two patients with nonvalvular AF-induced cardioembolic stroke underwent cognitive testing, including the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Apathy Scale. The correlations between the MoCA-J/MMSE/Apathy Scale scores and stroke risk scores were examined. Results The average CHADS2 and R2CHADS2 scores were 4.1±1.0 and 5.6±1.6, respectively. The average MoCA-J, MMSE, and Apathy Scale scores were 17.4±6.2, 22.0±5.3, and 20.0±8.9, respectively. The CHADS2 and R2CHADS2 scores were negatively correlated with the MoCA-J/MMSE and positively correlated with the Apathy Scale. The R2CHADS2 score was more sensitive to poststroke cognitive impairment than the CHADS2 score. This correlation was stronger for MoCA-J than for MMSE, as the MMSE scores were skewed toward the higher end of the range. The results for individual MoCA-J and MMSE subtests indicated that the visuoexecutive, calculation, abstraction, and remote recall functions were significantly decreased after cardioembolic stroke. Conclusion These results suggest that the R2CHADS2 and CHADS2 scores are useful for predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment.

• Authors: Kazuo Washida, Hisatomo Kowa, Hirotoshi Hamaguchi, Fumio Kanda, Tatsushi Toda
• Journal: Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (Intern Med) Vol. 56 Issue 20 Pg. 2719-2725 (Oct 15 2017) ISSN: 1349-7235 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 28924104 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Creatinine

Topics

• Age Factors
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Atrial Fibrillation (complications)
• Cognitive Dysfunction (diagnosis, etiology)
• Creatinine (blood)
• Diabetes Mellitus (epidemiology)
• Female
• Heart Failure (epidemiology)
• Humans
• Hypertension (epidemiology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neuropsychological Tests
• Reproducibility of Results
• Risk Factors
• Stroke (complications)