Live attenuated enterovirus vaccine (OPV) is not associated with islet autoimmunity in children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study.

Abstract

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:

Animal and human studies have implied that enterovirus infections may modulate the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. We set out to assess whether serial administration of live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in early life can influence the initiation of islet autoimmunity in a cohort of genetically predisposed children.

METHODS:

OPV was administered to 64 children and a further 251 children received inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). The emergence of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies in serum (autoantibodies to GAD, insulinoma-associated protein 2, insulin and islet cells) was monitored during prospective follow-up. Stool and serum samples were collected for enterovirus detection by RT-PCR.

RESULTS:

Administration of OPV increased enterovirus detected in stool samples from 11.3% to 38.9% (p < 0.001) during the first year of life. During the follow-up (median 11.0 years), at least one autoantibody was detected in 17.2% of children vaccinated with OPV and 19.1% with IPV (p = 0.723). At least two autoantibodies were observed in 3.1% and 6.8% of children, respectively (p = 0.384).

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:

Replication of attenuated poliovirus strains in gut mucosa is not associated with an increased risk of islet autoimmunity.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02961595.

• Authors: Hanna Viskari, Sami Oikarinen, Sanna Hoppu, Tytti Vuorinen, Heini Huhtala, Jorma Toppari, Riitta Veijola, Jorma Ilonen, Mikael Knip, Heikki Hyöty
• Journal: Diabetologia (Diabetologia) Vol. 61 Issue 1 Pg. 203-209 (01 2018) ISSN: 1432-0428 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 28866779 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Viral
• Autoantibodies
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral

Topics

• Antibodies, Viral (immunology)
• Autoantibodies (immunology)
• Autoimmunity (genetics, physiology)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (genetics, prevention & control, virology)
• Enterovirus (genetics)
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease (genetics)
• Humans
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral (therapeutic use)
• Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction