Grape seed procyanidin B2 ameliorates hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice.

Abstract

Diabetes is commonly associated with liver lipid metabolism disorders. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a key role in regulating lipid metabolism. Grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2), a natural polyphenol polymer, ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits oxidative stress or apoptosis via AMPK pathways. In the present study, the hypothesis that GSPB2 treatment may ameliorate liver lipid metabolic disorders by activating AMPK and downstream pathways was tested in diabetic mice. Db/m mice were used as controls, and diabetic db/db mice were randomly divided into 2 groups for treatment: Vehicle and GSPB2 (30 mg/kg/day for 10 weeks). Animals were weighed every week. Fasting blood was collected prior to sacrifice to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Hepatic TG and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were analyzed. Hepatic sections were examined by light microscopy following hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of hepatic AMPK, phosphorylated acetyl‑CoA carboxylase (ACC), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) and 4‑hydroxynonenal (4‑HNE) was measured by western blot analysis. Liver mitochondria were isolated to assess electron transport complex I (CI), complex II (CII) and complex IV by high-resolution respirometry. The results demonstrated that GSPB2 significantly decreased body weight and serum TG, TC and FFA levels, but not FBG levels in diabetic mice. GSPB2 visibly decreased lipid droplet accumulation in the liver and significantly reduced hepatic TG and FFA levels. In diabetic mice, GSPB2 restored liver AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, increased CPT1 protein expression, ameliorated lipid peroxidation damage, which was assessed by comparing 4‑HNE levels, and partially restored the damaged mitochondrial respiratory capacity of CI and CII in the liver. In conclusion, long‑term oral treatment with GSPB2 may benefit hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, potentially by decreasing hepatic lipid synthesis and increasing hepatic FFA β‑oxidation via the AMPK‑ACC pathway.

• Authors: Mei Yin, Pei Zhang, Fei Yu, Zhen Zhang, Qian Cai, Weida Lu, Baoying Li, Weidong Qin, Mei Cheng, Hao Wang, Haiqing Gao
• Journal: Molecular medicine reports (Mol Med Rep) Vol. 16 Issue 3 Pg. 2844-2850 (Sep 2017) ISSN: 1791-3004 [Electronic] Greece
• PMID: 28677803 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antioxidants
• Biflavonoids
• Grape Seed Extract
• Proanthocyanidins
• procyanidin B2
• Catechin
• AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
• Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Topics

• AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)
• Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (metabolism)
• Animals
• Antioxidants (therapeutic use)
• Biflavonoids (therapeutic use)
• Catechin (therapeutic use)
• Diabetes Complications (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental (complications, metabolism)
• Enzyme Activation (drug effects)
• Grape Seed Extract (therapeutic use)
• Lipid Metabolism (drug effects)
• Lipid Metabolism Disorders (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Liver (metabolism)
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Proanthocyanidins (therapeutic use)