Clinical presentations and epidemiology of vascular dementia.

Abstract

Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases cause vascular brain injury that can lead to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). VCI is the second most common neuropathology of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), accounting for up to one-third of the population risk. It is frequently present along with other age-related pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple etiology dementia with both VCI and AD is the single most common cause of later life dementia. There are two main clinical syndromes of VCI: post-stroke VCI in which cognitive impairment is the immediate consequence of a recent stroke and VCI without recent stroke in which cognitive impairment is the result of covert vascular brain injury detected only on neuroimaging or neuropathology. VCI is a syndrome that can result from any cause of infarction, hemorrhage, large artery disease, cardioembolism, small vessel disease, or other cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases. Secondary prevention of further vascular brain injury may improve outcomes in VCI.

• Authors: Eric E Smith
• Journal: Clinical science (London, England : 1979) (Clin Sci (Lond)) Vol. 131 Issue 11 Pg. 1059-1068 (Jun 01 2017) ISSN: 1470-8736 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 28515342 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

Topics

• Brain (diagnostic imaging)
• Cognition Disorders (diagnosis, etiology)
• Dementia, Vascular (diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, psychology)
• Humans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Risk Factors
• Stroke (complications)