A case of rapid amelioration of hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis treated by interferon-free directly acting antivirals for HCV in the absence of immunosuppressant.

Abstract

Mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome, which is a systemic vasculitis characterized by the immune complex deposition in small- and medium-sized arteries and most often due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, sometimes clinically manifests as refractory glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome. Patients with mixed cryoglobulinemic nephropathy who have a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis should receive immunosuppressive therapy. After disease stabilization, patients should receive concurrent therapy for the underlying HCV infection. The standard therapy of a chronic HCV infection is IFN monotherapy or IFN combined with ribavirin; however, after the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), the standard therapy for patients with HCV genotype 1 has dramatically changed. We report a case of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) successfully treated by daclatasvir and asunaprevir, which are IFN-free DAAs for HCV, in combination with angiotensin II receptor blocker without immunosuppressive therapy. The patient developed severe nephrotic syndrome with progressive kidney dysfunction. Blood examination revealed a high copy number of HCV-RNA (6.4 log IU/mL, type 1), cryoglobulinemia, paraproteinemia of IgM-κ, and hypocomplementemia. Histological analysis showed MPGN type 1. These findings were compatible with those observed in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic MPGN. This case offers original evidence for the application of newer generation of IFN-free DAAs in the treatment of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic nephropathy.

• Authors: Fumiaki Obata, Taichi Murakami, Junko Miyagi, Sayo Ueda, Taizo Inagaki, Masanori Minato, Hiroyuki Ono, Kenji Nishimura, Eriko Shibata, Masanori Tamaki, Sakiya Yoshimoto, Fumi Kishi, Seiji Kishi, Motokazu Matsuura, Kojiro Nagai, Hideharu Abe, Toshio Doi
• Journal: CEN case reports (CEN Case Rep) Vol. 6 Issue 1 Pg. 55-60 (May 2017) ISSN: 2192-4449 [Print] Japan
• PMID: 28509128 (Publication Type: Journal Article)