Immunocompetent mouse allograft models for development of therapies to target breast cancer metastasis.

Abstract	Effective drug development to combat metastatic disease in breast cancer would be aided by the availability of well-characterized preclinical animal models that (a) metastasize with high efficiency, (b) metastasize in a reasonable time-frame, (c) have an intact immune system, and (d) capture some of the heterogeneity of the human disease. To address these issues, we have assembled a panel of twelve mouse mammary cancer cell lines that can metastasize efficiently on implantation into syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. Genomic characterization shows that more than half of the 30 most commonly mutated genes in human breast cancer are represented within the panel. Transcriptomically, most of the models fall into the luminal A or B intrinsic molecular subtypes, despite the predominance of an aggressive, poorly-differentiated or spindled histopathology in all models. Patterns of immune cell infiltration, proliferation rates, apoptosis and angiogenesis differed significantly among models. Inherent within-model variability of the metastatic phenotype mandates large cohort sizes for intervention studies but may also capture some relevant non-genetic sources of variability. The varied molecular and phenotypic characteristics of this expanded panel of models should aid in model selection for development of antimetastatic therapies in vivo, and serve as a useful platform for predictive biomarker identification.
Authors	Yuan Yang, Howard H Yang, Ying Hu, Peter H Watson, Huaitian Liu, Thomas R Geiger, Miriam R Anver, Diana C Haines, Philip Martin, Jeffrey E Green, Maxwell P Lee, Kent W Hunter, Lalage M Wakefield
Journal	Oncotarget (Oncotarget) Vol. 8 Issue 19 Pg. 30621-30643 (May 09 2017) ISSN: 1949-2553 [Electronic] United States
PMID	28430642 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Biomarkers, Tumor
Topics	Allografts Animals Biomarkers, Tumor Biopsy Breast Neoplasms (drug therapy, immunology, metabolism, pathology) Cell Line, Tumor Female Gene Expression Profiling Genomics (methods) Heterografts Humans Immunohistochemistry Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental Mice Molecular Targeted Therapy Neoplasm Metastasis Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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