Seasonal influenza vaccination in China: Landscape of diverse regional reimbursement policy, and budget impact analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

To explore the current landscape of seasonal influenza vaccination across China, and estimate the budget of implementing a national "free-at-the-point-of-care" vaccination program for priority populations recommended by the World Health Organization.

METHODS:

In 2014 and 2016, we conducted a survey across provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to collect information on regional reimbursement policies for influenza vaccination, estimated the national uptake using distributed doses of influenza vaccines, and evaluated the budget using population size and vaccine cost obtained from official websites and literatures.

RESULTS:

Regular reimbursement policies for influenza vaccination are available in 61 mutually exclusive regions, comprising 8 provinces, 45 prefectures, and 8 counties, which were reimbursed by the local Government Financial Department or Basic Social Medical Insurance (BSMI). Finance-reimbursed vaccination was offered mainly for the elderly, and school children for free in Beijing, Dongli district in Tianjin, Karamay, Shenzhen and Xinxiang cities. BSMI-reimbursement policies were limited to specific medical insurance beneficiaries with distinct differences in the reimbursement fractions. The average national vaccination coverage was just 1.5-2.2% between 2004 and 2014. A free national vaccination program for priority populations (n=416million), would cost government US$ 757million (95% CI 726-789) annually (uptake rate=20%).

CONCLUSIONS:

An increasing number of regional governments have begun to pay, partially or fully, for influenza vaccination for selected groups. However, this small-scale policy approach has failed to increase national uptake. A free, nationwide vaccination program would require a substantial annual investment. A cost-effectiveness analysis is needed to identify the most efficient methods to improve coverage.

• Authors: Juan Yang, Katherine E Atkins, Luzhao Feng, Mingfan Pang, Yaming Zheng, Xinxin Liu, Benjamin J Cowling, Hongjie Yu
• Journal: Vaccine (Vaccine) Vol. 34 Issue 47 Pg. 5724-5735 (11 11 2016) ISSN: 1873-2518 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 27745951 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Influenza Vaccines

Topics

• Aged
• Child
• China (epidemiology)
• Costs and Cost Analysis
• Fee-for-Service Plans
• Female
• Financing, Government (economics)
• Health Personnel
• Humans
• Immunization Programs (economics)
• Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage)
• Influenza, Human (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Population Density
• Pregnancy
• Seasons
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Vaccination (economics)
• Vaccination Coverage
• World Health Organization