Brincidofovir (CMX-001) for refractory and resistant CMV and HSV infections in immunocompromised cancer patients: A single-center experience.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The emergence of resistance to available antiviral drugs may cause higher Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Few novel antiviral drugs are being developed with potential effect against refractory or resistant CMV infections. Brincidofovir, an oral nucleotide analog and prodrug of cidofovir, has shown in vitro activity against CMV.

METHODS:

We reviewed data of 4 cancer patients with resistant CMV or herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and were treated with brincidofovir under emergency IND application.

RESULTS:

Three out of the 4 patients with resistant CMV or HSV infections responded to brincidofovir. Brincidofovir achieved virological response in 2 patients with confirmed UL97 mutation (ganciclovir-resistant CMV infection), but failed to control CMV when a specific UL54 mutation was present (conferring resistance to foscarnet and cidofovir), as seen with patient 3. Furthermore, brincidofovir was effective for treatment of acyclovir resistant HSV infection, as described in patient 4 which is in alignment with the high in vitro potency of brincidofovir (about 100-fold more than acyclovir) for inhibition of HSV replication. Only one patient had brincidofovir-related diarrhea without any evidence of concurrent gastrointestinal GVHD.

CONCLUSION:

Without the nephrotoxicity of cidofovir, brincidofovir could be an effective alternative for CMV-resistant and HSV-resistant infections. Combination therapy of brincidofovir with other antiviral agent, at a conventional or a lower dose, could be considered to potentiate efficacy and minimize side effects of the approved antiviral agents.

• Authors: Danielle El-Haddad, Firas El Chaer, Jackapat Vanichanan, Dimpy P Shah, Ella J Ariza-Heredia, Victor E Mulanovich, Alison M Gulbis, Elizabeth J Shpall, Roy F Chemaly
• Journal: Antiviral research (Antiviral Res) Vol. 134 Pg. 58-62 (10 2016) ISSN: 1872-9096 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 27582067 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents
• Organophosphonates
• brincidofovir
• Cytosine

Topics

• Aged
• Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)
• Clinical Trials as Topic
• Cytomegalovirus (drug effects)
• Cytomegalovirus Infections (drug therapy)
• Cytosine (adverse effects, analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use)
• Drug Resistance, Viral (genetics)
• Female
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (adverse effects)
• Herpes Simplex (drug therapy)
• Herpesviridae Infections (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Immunocompromised Host (drug effects)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasms (complications, immunology, virology)
• Organophosphonates (adverse effects, therapeutic use)