The clinical presentation and favorable prognosis of patients with isolated metachronous brain metastasis from germ cell tumors.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

We conducted the present study to elucidate the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes and risk factors for the development of metachronous brain metastasis at a single progressive disease site, the so-called isolated brain metastasis, in patients with testicular germ cell tumors.

METHODS:

To identify metachronous brain metastasis in a timely manner, brain imaging was performed when the re-elevation of tumor markers was observed during chemotherapy, even in patients who were free from central nervous system symptoms. The medical records of 147 patients with metastatic germ cell tumors who were treated between 1991 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS:

Eight (5.4%) of the 147 patients presented synchronous brain metastasis. Of these, five patients suffered from metachronous brain metastasis relapse. An additional nine patients developed metachronous brain metastasis during or after chemotherapy. Ten of the 14 patients with metachronous brain metastasis did not have central nervous system symptoms. Eight (57%) patients had isolated brain metastasis. Ten patients underwent multimodal treatments, predominantly chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The 3-year overall survival of all 14 patients was 34.6%, but that of the patients with isolated brain metastasis was high as 66.7%. The development of metachronous brain metastasis was associated with a choriocarcinoma element at the primary site and an human chorionic gonadotropin level of >50 000 IU/L and brain metastasis at the initial diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

In our series, we identified isolated brain metastasis in 57% of the metachronous brain metastasis patients. The monitoring of tumor markers and appropriate brain imaging are mandatory for the diagnosis of isolated brain relapse, which is associated with a higher rate of long-term survival.

• Authors: Takashi Kawahara, Koji Kawai, Takayuki Yoshino, Atsushi Ikeda, Ryutarou Ishizuka, Shuya Kandori, Ei-Ichirou Takaoka, Takahiro Kojima, Akira Joraku, Takahiro Suetomi, Jun Miyazaki, Hiroyuki Nishiyama
• Journal: Japanese journal of clinical oncology (Jpn J Clin Oncol) Vol. 46 Issue 11 Pg. 1047-1052 (Nov 01 2016) ISSN: 1465-3621 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 27566974 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected].