Echinococcosis is a
zoonotic infection caused by cestode species of the genus Echinococcus; in addition, this zoonosis has long been neglected as a
parasitic disease and has limited treatment options. Clinical drugs such as
benzimidazole derivatives have limited treatment efficacy. The current study evaluated a novel
drug,
osthole, with low toxicity and high activity against Echinococcus in vitro and in vivo. The results in vitro indicated that the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in the group treated with
osthole (120μM) decreased by 100% within 3days. In vivo experiments were conducted using parasite-infected mice. For this purpose, three groups of infected mice were treated daily for 6 weeks with
albendazole (ABZ, 100mg/kg, positive control group),
osthole (100mg/kg, experimental group), or honey/PBS (100mg/kg, negative control group), respectively. The
osthole- and ABZ-treated groups presented a significant reduction in wet weight of metacestodes, increase in the level of
interleukin (IL)-4 and the percentage of eosinophils compared with the control group.
Osthole exhibited a high activity against
echinococcosis in vivo. In addition, the toxicity of
osthole was evaluated via an in vitro 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, as well as via morphological observation and calculation of liver and kidney function indexes in vivo. No obvious toxic effects of
osthole were observed in our study. Therefore, this novel
drug may be a promising alternative to
benzimidazole in anti-
echinococcosis chemotherapy.