Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of Calea urticifolia lyophilized aqueous extract on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Calea urticifolia leaves are traditionally used as a remedy to treat gastric ulcers, diabetes, and inflammation by the Xi'uy ancient native community of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

AIM OF THE STUDY:

The aim was to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of the Mexican plant C. urticifolia as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and to provide evidence on the phenolic compounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with 1µg/mL of LPS and treated with 10, 25 50, 75 y 100µg/mL of Calea urticifolia lyophilized aqueous extract (CuAqE). Nitric oxide (NO) release, tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2 production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, NF-κB p50 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured; other pro-inflammatory proteins were measured with membrane antibody array. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS.

RESULTS:

Inflammation was inhibited by suppressing iNOS/NO pathway through inhibiting nucleus translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 sub-units. ROS production was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory markers was suppressed (34.5-88.3%) by CuAqE. A mix of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid-glycosides were found in CuAqE.

CONCLUSION:

Phenolic compounds in CuAqE such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides could be responsible for inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by iNOS/NO pathway through suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway and by inhibition of ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, these results support the traditional knowledge of C. urticifolia tea such as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.

• Authors: María Lucina Torres-Rodríguez, Erika García-Chávez, Mark Berhow, Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
• Journal: Journal of ethnopharmacology (J Ethnopharmacol) Vol. 188 Pg. 266-74 (Jul 21 2016) ISSN: 1872-7573 [Electronic] Ireland
• PMID: 27139571 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Antioxidants
• Cytokines
• Flavonoids
• Glycosides
• Inflammation Mediators
• Lipopolysaccharides
• NF-kappa B
• Plant Extracts
• Solvents
• caffeoylquinic acid
• Quinic Acid
• Water
• Nitric Oxide
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Nos2 protein, mouse

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Antioxidants (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Asteraceae (chemistry)
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Flavonoids (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Glycosides (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Inflammation Mediators (metabolism)
• Lipopolysaccharides (pharmacology)
• Macrophages (drug effects, immunology, metabolism)
• Mice
• NF-kappa B (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (metabolism)
• Phytotherapy
• Plant Extracts (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Plant Leaves (chemistry)
• Plants, Medicinal
• Quinic Acid (analogs & derivatives, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• RAW 264.7 Cells
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)
• Solvents (chemistry)
• Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
• Water (chemistry)