Serrated colorectal cancer: Molecular classification, prognosis, and response to chemotherapy.

Abstract

Molecular advances support the existence of an alternative pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis that is based on the hypermethylation of specific DNA regions that silences tumor suppressor genes. This alternative pathway has been called the serrated pathway due to the serrated appearance of tumors in histological analysis. New classifications for colorectal cancer (CRC) were proposed recently based on genetic profiles that show four types of molecular alterations: BRAF gene mutations, KRAS gene mutations, microsatellite instability, and hypermethylation of CpG islands. This review summarizes what is known about the serrated pathway of CRC, including CRC molecular and clinical features, prognosis, and response to chemotherapy.

• Authors: Oscar Murcia, Miriam Juárez, Eva Hernández-Illán, Cecilia Egoavil, Mar Giner-Calabuig, María Rodríguez-Soler, Rodrigo Jover
• Journal: World journal of gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol) Vol. 22 Issue 13 Pg. 3516-30 (Apr 07 2016) ISSN: 2219-2840 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 27053844 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Biomarkers, Tumor
• KRAS protein, human
• BRAF protein, human
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)

Topics

• Antineoplastic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Biomarkers, Tumor (genetics)
• Colorectal Neoplasms (classification, drug therapy, genetics, pathology)
• CpG Islands
• DNA Methylation
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease
• Humans
• Microsatellite Instability
• Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
• Mutation
• Neoplasm Staging
• Phenotype
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (genetics)
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) (genetics)
• Treatment Outcome