Targeting Transcriptional and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Stromal Cells in Fibrosis and Cancer.

Abstract

The basis of many human diseases arises from both genetic and epigenetic regulation. Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying transcriptional and epigenetic regulation and their prevalence as contributors to a diverse range of human diseases have led us to focus on transcription and epigenetic changes in a variety of human disease conditions. Specifically, our recent studies in liver fibrosis and pancreatic cancer have demonstrated that the epigenetic regulation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) significantly contributes to the progress in such diseases and presents great therapeutic potential. We show that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) acts as a master genomic suppressor in both HSC and PSC activation. The studies also have demonstrated that the VDR ligand reduces fibrosis and inflammation in a murine liver fibrosis and pancreatitis model. Although our current studies focus on characterizing the roles of VDR and regulatory regions within gene promoters and regulatory enhancers, we have expanded our effort to epigenetic mechanisms as major determinants of gene activation and repression in order to develop potential therapeutics to modulate stroma-associated pathologies including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer.

• Authors: Nasun Hah, Mara H Sherman, Ruth T Yu, Michael Downes, Ronald M Evans
• Journal: Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology (Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol) Vol. 80 Pg. 249-55 ( 2015) ISSN: 1943-4456 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26801159 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Receptors, Calcitriol

Topics

• Animals
• Cellular Reprogramming (genetics)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Epigenesis, Genetic
• Fibrosis
• Gene Expression Regulation (genetics)
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic (genetics)
• Hepatic Stellate Cells (metabolism)
• Humans
• Liver Cirrhosis (genetics)
• Mice
• Neoplasms
• Pancreatic Neoplasms (genetics)
• Pancreatic Stellate Cells (metabolism)
• Pancreatitis (genetics)
• Receptors, Calcitriol (metabolism)
• Stromal Cells (metabolism)