Pendulum swings from hypo- to hyperthyroidism: thyrotoxicosis after severe hypothyroidism following neck irradiation in a patient with a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

A change in a thyrometabolic state from severe hypothyroidism to thyrotoxicosis is very uncommon, but possible in some circumstances.

CASE PRESENTATION:

A 27-year old female presented with clinical and biochemical thyrotoxicosis with a previous history chemo- and radiotherapy (including the neck region) for a Hodgkin's lymphoma (at the age of 18). At the age of 20 this was followed by severe hypothyrodism [TSH > 100 μIU/mL (reference range: 0.27-4.2)]. She was stated on L-thyroxine, but the dose was later reduced and subsequently discontinued. She had significantly elevated titres of both anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-TSH-receptor antibodies throughout the course of disease. Thyroid scintigraphy revealed a normal and homogenous iodine uptake.

CONCLUSIONS:

We suspect that a gradual switch from thyroid-blocking to thyroid-stimulating antibodies resulted in development of an overt thyrotoxicosis, possibly with a contributory effect of neck irradiation on her autoimmune status.

• Authors: Krzysztof Lewandowski, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Jacek Makarewicz, Andrzej Lewiński
• Journal: Thyroid research (Thyroid Res) Vol. 9 Pg. 1 ( 2016) ISSN: 1756-6614 [Print] England
• PMID: 26779284 (Publication Type: Case Reports)