During the perinatal period, the brain is highly vulnerable to
hypoxia and
inflammation, which often cause white matter injury and long-term neuronal dysfunction such as motor and cognitive deficits or epileptic
seizures. We studied the effects of moderate
hypoxia (HYPO), mild systemic
inflammation (INFL), or the combination of both (HYPO+INFL) in mouse somatosensory cortex induced during the first postnatal week on network activity and compared it to activity in
SHAM control animals. By performing in vitro electrophysiological recordings with multi-
electrode arrays from slices prepared directly after injury (P8-10), one week after injury (P13-16), or in young adults (P28-30), we investigated how the neocortical network developed following these insults. No significant difference was observed between the four groups in an extracellular
solution close to physiological conditions. In extracellular 8mM
potassium solution, slices from the HYPO, INFL, and HYPO+INFL group were more excitable than
SHAM at P8-10 and P13-16. In these two age groups, the number and frequency of spontaneous epileptiform events were significantly increased compared to
SHAM. The frequency of epileptiform events was significantly reduced by the
NMDA antagonist
D-APV in HYPO, INFL, and HYPO+INFL, but not in
SHAM, indicating a contribution of
NMDA receptors to this pathophysiological activity. In addition, the
AMPA/
kainate receptor antagonist
CNQX suppressed the remaining epileptiform activity. Electrical stimulation evoked prominent epileptiform activity in slices from HYPO, INFL and HYPO+INFL animals. Stimulation threshold to elicit epileptiform events was lower in these groups than in
SHAM. Evoked events spread over larger areas and lasted longer in treated animals than in
SHAM. In addition, the evoked epileptiform activity was reduced in the older (P28-30) group indicating that cortical dysfunction induced by
hypoxia and
inflammation was transient and compensated during early development.