Treatment with the HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir triggers the unfolded protein response and may overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance of multiple myeloma in combination with bortezomib: a phase I trial (SAKK 65/08).

Abstract

Downregulation of the unfolded protein response mediates proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. The Human Immunodeficieny Virus protease inhibitor nelfinavir activates the unfolded protein response in vitro. We determined dose-limiting toxicity and recommended dose for phase II of nelfinavir in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Twelve patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were treated with nelfinavir (2500-5000 mg/day p.o., days 1-14, 3+3 dose escalation) and bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2), days 1, 4, 8, 11; 21-day cycles). A run in phase with nelfinavir monotherapy allowed pharmakokinetic/pharmakodynamic assessment of nelfinavir in the presence or absence of concomittant bortezomib. End points included dose-limiting toxicity, activation of the unfolded protein response, proteasome activity, toxicity and response to trial treatment. Nelfinavir 2×2500 mg was the recommended phase II dose identified. Nelfinavir alone significantly up-regulated expression of proteins related to the unfolded protein response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inhibited proteasome activity. Of 10 evaluable patients in the dose escalation cohort, 3 achieved a partial response, 4 stable disease for 2 cycles or more, while 3 had progressive disease as best response. In an exploratory extension cohort with 6 relapsed, bortezomib-refractory, lenalidomide-resistant myeloma patients treated at the recommended phase II dose, 3 reached a partial response, 2 a minor response, and one progressive disease. The combination of nelfinavir with bortezomib is safe and shows promising activity in advanced, bortezomib-refractory multiple myeloma. Induction of the unfolded protein response by nelfinavir may overcome the biological features of proteasome inhibitor resistance. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 01164709).

• Authors: Christoph Driessen, Marianne Kraus, Markus Joerger, Hilde Rosing, Jürgen Bader, Felicitas Hitz, Catherine Berset, Alexandros Xyrafas, Hanne Hawle, Gregoire Berthod, Hermann S Overkleeft, Christiana Sessa, Alwin Huitema, Thomas Pabst, Roger von Moos, Dagmar Hess, Ulrich J M Mey
• Journal: Haematologica (Haematologica) Vol. 101 Issue 3 Pg. 346-55 (Mar 2016) ISSN: 1592-8721 [Electronic] Italy
• PMID: 26659919 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase I, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright© Ferrata Storti Foundation.

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Drug Combinations
• HIV Protease Inhibitors
• Bortezomib
• Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
• Nelfinavir

Topics

• Aged
• Antineoplastic Agents (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Bortezomib (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Drug Administration Schedule
• Drug Combinations
• Drug Resistance, Neoplasm (drug effects)
• Female
• HIV Protease Inhibitors (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Leukemia (diagnosis, drug therapy, genetics, pathology)
• Leukocytes, Mononuclear (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
• Lymphoma (diagnosis, drug therapy, genetics, pathology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Multiple Myeloma (diagnosis, drug therapy, genetics, pathology)
• Nelfinavir (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (drug effects)
• Treatment Outcome
• Unfolded Protein Response (drug effects)