Evaluating the Risk of a Fifth Metatarsal Stress Fracture by Measuring the Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The fifth metatarsal bone is a common site of stress fractures in soccer athletes. Although several endocrine risk factors for stress fractures have been proposed, the endocrine risks for fifth metatarsal (5-MT) stress fractures have not been evaluated.

METHODS:

To evaluate the endocrine risks of fifth metatarsal stress fractures, we conducted a cumulative case-control study. The present study included 37 athletes, of which 18 had a history of a zone 2 or zone 3 fifth metatarsal stress fracture and 19 controls. We analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover by univariate or multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

Logistic regression analyses adjusted for multiple confounders revealed that insufficient serum 25-OHD levels less than 30 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR], 23.3), higher serum PTH levels (OR, 1.01), or higher serum bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase levels (OR, 1.10) rather than serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b were associated with statistically significantly increased odds of 5-MT stress fractures. A postestimation calculation demonstrated that 25-OHD levels of 10 and 20 ng/mL were associated with 5.1 and 2.9 times greater odds for 5-MT stress fractures, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

25-OHD insufficiency was associated with an increased incidence of 5-MT stress fractures. This insight may be useful for intervening to prevent 5-MT stress fractures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Level III, case-control study.

• Authors: Yu Shimasaki, Masashi Nagao, Takayuki Miyamori, Yukihiro Aoba, Norifumi Fukushi, Yoshitomo Saita, Hiroshi Ikeda, Sung-Gon Kim, Masahiko Nozawa, Kazuo Kaneko, Masafumi Yoshimura
• Journal: Foot & ankle international (Foot Ankle Int) Vol. 37 Issue 3 Pg. 307-11 (Mar 2016) ISSN: 1944-7876 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26596794 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2015.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Isoenzymes
• Parathyroid Hormone
• Vitamin D
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D
• Alkaline Phosphatase
• Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics

• Alkaline Phosphatase (blood)
• Athletes
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Case-Control Studies
• Fractures, Stress (blood, etiology)
• Humans
• Isoenzymes (blood)
• Male
• Metatarsal Bones (injuries)
• Parathyroid Hormone (blood)
• Risk Assessment
• Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (blood)
• Vitamin D (analogs & derivatives, blood)
• Young Adult