Oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease: effect of extracts of fermented papaya powder.

Abstract	Brain tissue is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS). Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced antioxidant systems, and decreased efficiency in repairing mechanisms have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Postmortem studies in AD patients' brains have shown oxidative damage markers (i.e., lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative damage, and glycoxidation). Fermented papaya (FPP, a product of Carica papaya Linn fermentation with yeast) is a nutraceutical supplement with favorable effects on immunological, hematological, inflammatory, and OS parameters in chronic/degenerative diseases. We studied 40 patients (age 78.2 ± 1.1 years), 28 AD patients, and 12 controls. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured to assess OS. Twenty AD patients were supplemented with FPP (Immunage, 4.5 grams/day) for 6 months, while controls did not receive any treatment. At baseline, 8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients with AD versus controls (13.7 ± 1.61 ng/mL versus 1.6 ± 0.12 ng/mL, P < 0.01). In AD patients FPP significantly decreased 8-OHdG (14.1 ± 1.7 ng/mL to 8.45 ± 1.1 ng/mL, P < 0.01), with no significant changes in controls. AD is associated with increased OS, and FPP may be helpful to counteract excessive ROS in AD patients.
Authors	Mario Barbagallo, Francesco Marotta, Ligia J Dominguez
Journal	Mediators of inflammation (Mediators Inflamm) Vol. 2015 Pg. 624801 ( 2015) ISSN: 1466-1861 [Electronic] United States
PMID	25944987 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Antioxidants Plant Preparations Powders Reactive Oxygen Species 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine Deoxyguanosine Oxygen
Topics	8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine Aged Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer Disease (therapy) Antioxidants (chemistry) Brain (pathology, physiology) Carica (chemistry) Case-Control Studies Deoxyguanosine (analogs & derivatives, urine) Dietary Supplements Female Fermentation Humans Lipid Peroxidation (drug effects) Male Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Oxygen (chemistry) Plant Preparations (therapeutic use) Powders Reactive Oxygen Species (chemistry)

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