The injectable neurostimulator: an emerging therapeutic device.

Abstract

Injectable neurostimulators are currently applied in clinical trials to minimize the side effects such as discomfort, risk of infection, and post-surgery trauma, which can be pronounced with conventional, bulky implantable neurostimulators. Owing to its smaller size, wireless-updatable software, and wireless power supply, the injectable neurostimulator is presumably less invasive, 'smarter', and has a longer lifetime. We discuss the concept and development of the injectable neurostimulator, persistent implementation challenges, and obstacles to be overcome in its evolution. We survey the use of new materials, technologies, and design methods for injectable electrodes, batteries, antennas, and packaging to enhance reliability and other features. These advances in the field are accompanied by progress in electrophysiology, neuroscience, neurology, clinical trials, and treatments.

• Authors: Xiaolong Li, Wouter A Serdijn, Wei Zheng, Yubo Tian, Bing Zhang
• Journal: Trends in biotechnology (Trends Biotechnol) Vol. 33 Issue 7 Pg. 388-94 (Jul 2015) ISSN: 1879-3096 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25921343 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Topics

• Electric Stimulation (instrumentation)
• Equipment Design
• Humans
• Injections
• Microtechnology (instrumentation)
• Neural Prostheses