Botanical oils enriched in n-6 and n-3 FADS2 products are equally effective in preventing atherosclerosis and fatty liver.

Abstract

Echium oil (EO), which is enriched in 18:4 n-3, the immediate product of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) desaturation of 18:3 n-3, is as atheroprotective as fish oil (FO). The objective of this study was to determine whether botanical oils enriched in the FADS2 products 18:3 n-6 versus 18:4 n-3 are equally atheroprotective. LDL receptor KO mice were fed one of four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) plus 10% calories as: 1) PO; 2) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched); 3) EO (18:4 n-3 enriched); or 4) FO for 16 weeks. Mice fed BO, EO, and FO versus PO had significantly lower plasma total and VLDL cholesterol concentrations; hepatic neutral lipid content and inflammation, aortic CE content, aortic root intimal area and macrophage content; and peritoneal macrophage inflammation, CE content, and ex vivo chemotaxis. Atheromas lacked oxidized CEs despite abundant generation of macrophage 12/15 lipooxygenase-derived metabolites. We conclude that botanical oils enriched in 18:3 n-6 and 18:4 n-3 PUFAs beyond the rate-limiting FADS2 enzyme are equally effective in preventing atherosclerosis and hepatosteatosis compared with saturated/monounsaturated fat due to cellular enrichment of ≥20 PUFAs, reduced plasma VLDL, and attenuated macrophage inflammation.

• Authors: Swapnil V Shewale, Elena Boudyguina, Xuewei Zhu, Lulu Shen, Patrick M Hutchins, Robert M Barkley, Robert C Murphy, John S Parks
• Journal: Journal of lipid research (J Lipid Res) Vol. 56 Issue 6 Pg. 1191-205 (Jun 2015) ISSN: 1539-7262 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25921305 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Chemical References

• Cholesterol, VLDL
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Fatty Acids, Omega-6
• Fish Oils
• Plant Oils
• Receptors, LDL
• Palm Oil
• gamma-Linolenic Acid
• Fatty Acid Desaturases
• borage oil

Topics

• Animals
• Atherosclerosis (diet therapy, metabolism)
• Cholesterol, VLDL (blood)
• Diet, Atherogenic
• Echium (chemistry)
• Fatty Acid Desaturases (metabolism)
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (administration & dosage, chemistry)
• Fatty Acids, Omega-6 (administration & dosage, chemistry)
• Fatty Liver (diet therapy)
• Fish Oils (administration & dosage, chemistry)
• Humans
• Liver (drug effects, metabolism)
• Mice
• Mice, Knockout
• Palm Oil
• Plant Oils (administration & dosage, chemistry)
• Receptors, LDL (genetics, metabolism)
• gamma-Linolenic Acid (administration & dosage, chemistry)