A randomized controlled trial of the effects of n-3 fatty acids on resolvins in chronic kidney disease.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related partially to chronic inflammation. n-3 Fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce the risk of CVD. Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) derived from the n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) actively promote the resolution of inflammation. This study evaluates the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma SPMs in patients with CKD.

METHODS:

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention of factorial design, 85 patients were randomized to either n-3 fatty acids (4 g), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) (200 mg), both supplements, or control (4 g olive oil), daily for 8 weeks. The SPMs 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, RvD1, 17R-RvD1, and RvD2, were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and after intervention.

RESULTS:

Seventy four patients completed the 8 weeks intervention. n-3 Fatty acids but not CoQ significantly increased (P < 0.0001) plasma levels of 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA, the upstream precursors to the E- and D-series resolvins, respectively. RvD1 was significantly increased (P = 0.036) after n-3 fatty acids, but no change was seen in other SPMs. In regression analysis the increase in 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA after n-3 fatty acids was significantly predicted by the change in platelet EPA and DHA, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

SPMs are increased after 8 weeks n-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with CKD. This may have important implications for limiting ongoing low grade inflammation in CKD.

• Authors: Emilie Mas, Anne Barden, Valerie Burke, Lawrence J Beilin, Gerald F Watts, Rae-Chi Huang, Ian B Puddey, Ashley B Irish, Trevor A Mori
• Journal: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) (Clin Nutr) Vol. 35 Issue 2 Pg. 331-336 (Apr 2016) ISSN: 1532-1983 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25908532 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
• Blood Glucose
• Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
• Insulin
• resolvin D1
• resolvin D2
• 18-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
• Docosahexaenoic Acids
• C-Reactive Protein
• 17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acid
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (administration & dosage, blood)
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• Body Mass Index
• C-Reactive Protein (metabolism)
• Dietary Supplements
• Docosahexaenoic Acids (administration & dosage, blood)
• Double-Blind Method
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid (administration & dosage, blood)
• Female
• Humans
• Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids (blood)
• Inflammation (drug therapy)
• Insulin (blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (blood, drug therapy)