Early pregnancy maternal vitamin D concentrations and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

While associations of vitamin D deficiency with type 2 diabetes have been well demonstrated, investigations of vitamin D and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reported inconsistent findings. We examined associations of vitamin D status with GDM.

METHODS:

In a nested case-cohort study (135 GDM cases and 517 non-GDM controls), we measured maternal serum vitamin D status (total 25[OH]D and 25[OH]D3 ) in early pregnancy (16 weeks on average) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. GDM was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines. We calculated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

GDM cases had lower mean total 25[OH]D (27.3 vs. 29.3 ng/mL) and 25[OH]D3 (23.9 vs. 26.7 ng/mL) concentrations compared with women who did not develop GDM (both P-values < 0.05). Overall, 25[OH]D3 concentrations, but not total 25[OH]D concentrations, were significantly associated with GDM risk. A 5-ng/mL increase in 25[OH]D3 concentration was associated with a 14% decrease in GDM risk (P-value = 0.02). Women in the lowest quartile for 25[OH]D3 concentration had a twofold [95% CI 1.15, 3.58] higher risk of GDM compared with women in the highest quartile (P-value for trend < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Early pregnancy vitamin D status, particularly 25[OH]D3 , is inversely associated with GDM risk.

• Authors: Dodie L Arnold, Daniel A Enquobahrie, Chungfang Qiu, Jonathan Huang, Nancy Grote, Ann VanderStoep, Michelle A Williams
• Journal: Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology (Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol) Vol. 29 Issue 3 Pg. 200-10 (May 2015) ISSN: 1365-3016 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25808081 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Vitamins
• Vitamin D
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Topics

• Diabetes, Gestational (drug therapy, etiology, prevention & control)
• Female
• Humans
• Pregnancy
• Pregnant Women
• Prospective Studies
• Vitamin D (analogs & derivatives, blood, therapeutic use)
• Vitamin D Deficiency (blood, complications, drug therapy)
• Vitamins (blood, therapeutic use)