Data from recent experimental and clinical studies have indicated that lower concentrations of inhaled
carbon monoxide might have beneficial antiinflammatory effects. Inhaled
carbon monoxide has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (
COPD). However, population-based epidemiologic studies of environmentally relevant
carbon monoxide exposure have generated mixed findings. We conducted a time-series study in Hong Kong to estimate the association of short-term exposure to ambient
carbon monoxide with emergency hospitalizations for
COPD. We collected daily emergency hospital admission data and air pollution data from January 2001 to December 2007. We used log-linear Poisson models to estimate the associations between daily hospital admissions for
COPD and the average daily concentrations of
carbon monoxide while controlling for the traffic-related co-
pollutants nitrogen dioxide and
particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm. Results showed that ambient
carbon monoxide was negatively associated with the risk of hospitalizations for
COPD. After adjustment for levels
nitrogen dioxide or
particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, the negative associations of
carbon monoxide with
COPD hospitalizations became stronger. The risk estimates were similar for female and male subjects. In conclusion, short-term exposure to ambient
carbon monoxide was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization for
COPD, which suggests that
carbon monoxide exposure provides some acute protection of against exacerbation of
COPD.