The influence of sex hormones on anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in males.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the concentrations of testosterone, 17-β estradiol and progesterone between male patients with and without ACL rupture, as well as the possible effect of these hormones on generalized joint laxity.

METHODS:

Male subjects with non-contact knee joint injury were included in this study. Two groups were formed: the examined group, consisting of subjects with ACL rupture and the control group consisting of patients without ACL rupture. After this, the patients from these two groups were paired off on the basis of three factors, level of professional involvement in sports (including the type of sports activity), left or right side of the body and the age of the subjects. In the end, there were 29 pairs (58 subjects). The concentration of sex hormones was determined from saliva specimens with the aid of the Salimetrics enzyme immunoassay. The testing of generalized joint laxity was performed with the aid of the "laxity score" according to Beighton et al.

RESULTS:

Subjects with ACL rupture have highly statistically significantly greater concentrations of testosterone (p < 0.01), statistically significantly greater concentrations of 17-β estradiol (p < 0.05), and a highly statistically significantly greater generalized joint laxity score than subjects with an intact ACL (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION:

Increased concentrations of testosterone or 17-β estradiol may be a risk factor leading to ACL rupture. Also, generalized joint laxity may be a factor leading to ACL rupture, but none of the monitored hormones can be set down as the cause of its existence. Young male athletes with higher concentrations of testosterone and greater hyperelasticity should plan preventive programs of physiotherapy for ACL preservation since they present a vulnerable group susceptible to ACL rupture.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Diagnostic study, Level II.

• Authors: Lazar Stijak, Marko Kadija, Vuk Djulejić, Milan Aksić, Nataša Petronijević, Dubravka Aleksić, Vidosava Radonjić, Marko Bumbaširević, Branislav Filipović
• Journal: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc) Vol. 23 Issue 12 Pg. 3578-84 (Dec 2015) ISSN: 1433-7347 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 25160472 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Gonadal Steroid Hormones
• Testosterone
• Progesterone
• Estradiol

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (physiopathology)
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
• Case-Control Studies
• Estradiol (analysis)
• Gonadal Steroid Hormones (analysis)
• Humans
• Joint Instability (physiopathology)
• Knee Injuries (physiopathology)
• Knee Joint (physiopathology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Progesterone (analysis)
• Rupture
• Saliva (chemistry)
• Testosterone (analysis)
• Young Adult