Consumption of whole grains and legumes modulates the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V concentrations in patients with impaired fasting glucose or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) -1131 T > C polymorphism is associated with mild hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic subjects, and interacts with dietary fat in the determination of triglyceride concentrations. We examined whether a substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice in a high carbohydrate diet (about 65% of energy derived from carbohydrate) may modify the effect of this variant on changes in apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) and triglyceride concentrations.

METHODS:

We genotyped the APOA5 -1131 T > C in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to either a group ingesting whole grain and legume meals daily or a control group for 12 weeks.

RESULTS:

After dietary intervention, we observed significant interactions between the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism and carbohydrate sources (whole grains and legumes versus refined rice) in the determination of mean percent changes in triglyceride and apoA-V (P interactions <0.001 and =0.038, respectively). In the refined rice group (n = 93), the carriers of the risk C allele (n = 50) showed a greater increase in the mean percent changes of triglyceride and apoA-V than noncarriers after adjusting for HOMA-IR (P = 0.004 and 0.021, respectively). The whole grain and legume group (n = 92), however, showed a decrease in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride, and an increase in apoA-V, irrespective of genotype.

CONCLUSIONS:

The data showed that the magnitude of the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on triglyceride and apoA-V levels was modulated when substituting consumption of whole grains and legumes for refined rice as a carbohydrate source in IFG or diabetic subjects.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01784952.

• Authors: Ryungwoo Kang, Minjoo Kim, Jey Sook Chae, Sang-Hyun Lee, Jong Ho Lee
• Journal: Trials (Trials) Vol. 15 Pg. 100 (Apr 01 2014) ISSN: 1745-6215 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 24690159 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• APOA5 protein, human
• Apolipoprotein A-V
• Apolipoproteins A
• Biomarkers
• Blood Glucose
• Dietary Carbohydrates
• Insulin
• Triglycerides

Topics

• Apolipoprotein A-V
• Apolipoproteins A (blood, genetics)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, diagnosis, diet therapy, genetics)
• Dietary Carbohydrates (adverse effects)
• Edible Grain
• Fabaceae
• Fasting (blood)
• Female
• Genotype
• Humans
• Insulin (blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oryza
• Phenotype
• Polymorphism, Genetic
• Republic of Korea
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Triglycerides (blood)