Impact of weight loss and maintenance with ad libitum diets varying in protein and glycemic index content on metabolic syndrome.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

We investigated the effects of weight loss and maintenance with diets that varied with regard to protein content and glycemic index (GI) on metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) status.

METHODS:

Secondary analyses were performed within the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) study (2006-2008), a randomized controlled dietary intervention. Nine hundred and thirty-eight overweight and obese adults from eight European countries entered an 8-wk low-calorie-diet period. Seven hundred and seventy-three adults who lost at least 8% of their body weights were randomized to one of five ad libitum diets for 6 mo: 1) low-protein (LP)/low-GI (LGI); 2) LP/high-GI (HGI); 3) high-protein (HP)/LGI; 4) HP/HGI; and 5) control diet. MetSyn prevalence and a standardized MetSyn score were assessed at baseline, after the low-calorie diet, and after the intervention.

RESULTS:

Weight loss among participants while on the low-calorie diet significantly reduced MetSyn prevalence (33.9% versus 15.9%; P < 0.001) and MetSyn score (-1.48 versus -4.45; P < 0.001). During weight maintenance, significant changes in MetSyn score were observed between the groups, with the highest increase detected in the LP/HGI group (P = 0.039, partial η(2) = 0.023). Protein, GI, and their interaction did not have isolated effects on study outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Neither protein nor GI affected MetSyn status in this sample of European overweight and obese adults. However, a diet with a combination of an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio with low-GI foods had beneficial effects on MetSyn factors.

• Authors: Angeliki Papadaki, Manolis Linardakis, Maria Plada, Thomas M Larsen, Camilla T Damsgaard, Marleen A van Baak, Susan Jebb, Andreas F H Pfeiffer, J Alfredo Martinez, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Marie Kunešová, Claus Holst, Wim H M Saris, Arne Astrup, Anthony Kafatos
• Journal: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) (Nutrition) Vol. 30 Issue 4 Pg. 410-7 (Apr 2014) ISSN: 1873-1244 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24369912 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Dietary Carbohydrates
• Dietary Proteins

Topics

• Adult
• Caloric Restriction
• Diet
• Dietary Carbohydrates (administration & dosage)
• Dietary Proteins (administration & dosage)
• Energy Intake
• Female
• Glycemic Index
• Humans
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome (prevention & control)
• Obesity (diet therapy)
• Overweight
• Weight Loss