We previously showed that
palmitic acid methyl ester (
PAME) and
stearic acid methyl
ester (SAME) are simultaneously released from the sympathetic ganglion and
PAME possesses potent vasodilatory properties which may be important in
cerebral ischemia. Since
PAME is a potent
vasodilator simultaneously released with SAME, our hypothesis was that
PAME/SAME confers neuroprotection in rat models of focal/global
cerebral ischemia. We also examined the neuroprotective properties of Solutol HS15, a clinically approved
excipient because it possesses similar
fatty acid compositions as
PAME/SAME. Asphyxial
cardiac arrest (ACA, 6 min) was performed 30 min after
PAME/SAME treatment (0.02 mg/kg, IV). Solutol HS15 (2 ml/kg, IP) was injected chronically for 14 days (once daily). Histopathology of hippocampal CA1 neurons was assessed 7 days after ACA. For focal
ischemia experiments,
PAME, SAME, or Solutol HS15 was administered following reperfusion after 2 h of
middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium staining of the brain was performed 24 h after MCAO and the
infarct volume was quantified. Following ACA, the number of surviving hippocampal neurons was enhanced by
PAME-treated (68%), SAME-treated (69%), and Solutol-treated HS15 (68%) rats as compared to ACA only-treated groups.
Infarct volume was decreased by
PAME (83%), SAME (68%), and Solutol HS15 (78%) as compared to saline (vehicle) in MCAO-treated animals.
PAME, SAME, and Solutol HS15 provide robust neuroprotection in both paradigms of
ischemia. This may prove therapeutically beneficial since Solutol HS15 is already administered as a solublizing agent to patients. With proper timing and dosage, administration of Solutol HS15 and
PAME/SAME can be an effective
therapy against
cerebral ischemia.