Inflammatory damage plays an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and represents a new target for treatment of
stroke.
Shikonin has gained attention for its prominent anti-inflammatory property, but up to now little is known about
shikonin treatment in
acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of
shikonin in cerebral ischemic injury, and investigate whether
shikonin modulated inflammatory responses after
stroke. Focal
cerebral ischemia in male ICR mice was induced by transient
middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Shikonin (10 and 25 mg/kg) was administered by gavage once a day for 3 days before surgery and another dosage after operation. Neurological deficit,
infarct volume,
brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and inflammatory mediators were evaluated at 24 and 72 h after
stroke. Compared with vehicle group, 25 mg/kg
shikonin significantly improved neurological deficit, decreased
infarct volume and
edema both at 24 and 72 h after transient
ischemic stroke, our data also showed that
shikonin inhibited the pro-inflammatory mediators, including TLR4, TNF-α, NF-κB, and phosphorylation of p38MAPK in ischemic cortex. In addition,
shikonin effectively alleviated brain leakage of
Evans blue, up-regulated
claudin-5 expression, and inhibited the over-expressed MMP-9 in ischemic brain. These results suggested that
shikonin effectively protected brain against ischemic damage by regulating inflammatory responses and ameliorating BBB permeability.