Mediterranean diet and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a very poor prognosis and any effort to identify additional risk factors, besides those already established, would be important for the prevention of the disease. Data on the role of diet on HCC risk are still controversial.

METHODS:

We have evaluated the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with HCC risk, as well as the interaction of this dietary pattern with chronic hepatitis infection, by combining two case-control studies undertaken in Italy and Greece, including overall 518 cases of HCC and 772 controls. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through the Mediterranean diet score (MDS), which ranges between 0 (lowest adherence) and 9 (highest adherence). Odds ratios (OR) for HCC were obtained through multiple logistic regression models, controlling for potentially confounding factors, including chronic infection with hepatitis B/C viruses.

RESULTS:

Compared to MDS of 0-3, the ORs for HCC were 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-1.04) for MDS equal to 4 and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.34-0.75) for MDS ⩾ 5, with a significant trend (p<0.001). The detrimental effect of poor adherence to Mediterranean diet on HCC risk was disproportionally high among those chronically infected with hepatitis B and/or C viruses, with a suggestion of super-additive interaction, albeit statistically non-significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

Closer adherence to the Mediterranean diet appears to be protective against HCC. Our results also point to potential benefits from adhering to a Mediterranean dietary pattern for patients chronically infected with hepatitis viruses.

• Authors: Federica Turati, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Jerry Polesel, Francesca Bravi, Marta Rossi, Renato Talamini, Silvia Franceschi, Maurizio Montella, Antonia Trichopoulou, Carlo La Vecchia, Pagona Lagiou
• Journal: Journal of hepatology (J Hepatol) Vol. 60 Issue 3 Pg. 606-11 (Mar 2014) ISSN: 1600-0641 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 24240052 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (prevention & control)
• Diet, Mediterranean
• Female
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms (prevention & control)
• Male
• Middle Aged