Determinants of the Changes in Glycemic Control with Exercise Training in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial.

Abstract

AIMS:

To assess the determinants of exercise training-induced improvements in glucose control (HbA1C) including changes in serum total adiponectin and FFA concentrations, and skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein content.

METHODS:

A sub-cohort (n = 35; 48% men; 74% Caucasian) from the HART-D study undertaking muscle biopsies before and after 9 months of aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), or combination training (ATRT).

RESULTS:

Changes in HbA1C were associated with changes in adiponectin (r = -0.45, P = 0.007). Participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a longer duration had the largest increase in PGC-1α (r = 0.44, P = 0.008). Statistical modeling examining changes in HbA1C suggested that male sex (P = 0.05), non-Caucasian ethnicity (P = 0.02), duration of type 2 diabetes (r = 0.40; P<0.002) and changes in FFA (r = 0.36; P<0.004), adiponectin (r = -0.26; P<0.03), and PGC-1α (r = -0.28; P = 0.02) explain ∼65% of the variability in the changes in HbA1C.

CONCLUSIONS:

Decreases in HbA1C after 9 months of exercise were associated with shorter duration of diabetes, lowering of serum FFA concentrations, increasing serum adiponectin concentrations and increasing skeletal muscle PGC-1α protein expression.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00458133.

• Authors: Neil M Johannsen, Lauren M Sparks, Zhengyu Zhang, Conrad P Earnest, Steven R Smith, Timothy S Church, Eric Ravussin
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 8 Issue 6 Pg. e62973 ( 2013) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23805175 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• ADIPOQ protein, human
• Adiponectin
• Glycated Hemoglobin A
• PPARGC1A protein, human
• Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
• hemoglobin A1c protein, human

Topics

• Adiponectin (blood)
• Adult
• Aged
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, therapy)
• Exercise Therapy
• Female
• Glycated Hemoglobin (metabolism)
• Glycemic Index
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha (blood)
• Time Factors