This study investigated the effects of β-
elemene +
methoxyamine,
a DNA base-excision repair inhibitor, on the inhibition of
glioma growth. We treated C6 and SHG44
glioma cells with β-
elemene and
methoxyamine individually or in combinations, and subsequently analyzed cellular survivals by MTT assay. Comet assay, γ-H2AX focus formation assay and Western-blot were performed to investigate whether the observed cytotoxicity was associates with
DNA damages. Finally, a xenograft
tumor model was established in nude mice with C6 cells to analyze in vivo
tumor inhibition effects of β-
elemene, which was followed by determination of the expression of
anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 via immunohistochemistry staining. Results showed that β-
elemene could significantly inhibit the growth of
glioma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The combination of
methoxyamine with β-
elemene could result in a greater extent of DNA injuries in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo
tumors exhibited a marked shrinkage in volume in β-
elemene +
methoxyamine treatment group. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the
tumor tissues showed a distinctive decrease in Bcl-2 staining in β-
elemene (56 %) and β-
elemene +
methoxyamine (36 %) groups when compared with the negative control (77 %). In conclusion, β-
elemene exhibits a significant cytotoxic effect against
glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo, which is likely to be mediated by its potential to damage
tumor cell
DNA and activate apoptotic pathway. Such growth inhibition effect of β-
elemene could be potentiated by
methoxyamine co-administration. Therefore, a combination of the two agents as a novel chemotherapeutic option for
glioma merits further investigations.