Abstract | PURPOSE: METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of a 12-week, randomized, parallel-group trial in participants screened for MetS. The analysis included only those with 2 or more components of MetS before receiving either lifestyle counseling (LC, n = 90) or LC + 30 g/day flaxseed supplementation (LCF, n = 83). RESULTS: Compared to the LC group, those in the LCF group experienced significant increases in total erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs, α- linolenic acid, eicosapentenoic acid, and docosapentenoic acid (all P < 0.001), while total n-6 PUFAs (P < 0.05) and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased (P < 0.001). Arachidonic acid increased significantly in the LC group (P < 0.001), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-18, soluble intracellular adhesion molecular-1, E-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 declined significantly in both groups (all P < 0.05), but no between-group differences were observed. There was no significant change in serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, soluble vascular adhesion molecular-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in either group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that flaxseed supplementation increases erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs, decreases n-6 PUFAs and n-6/n-3 ratio in participants with risk factors of MetS, but has no additional benefits beyond the lifestyle consulting for the multiple biomarkers tested in the current study.
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Authors | Geng Zong, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Hongyu Wu, Xu Lin |
Journal | European journal of nutrition
(Eur J Nutr)
Vol. 52
Issue 5
Pg. 1547-51
(Aug 2013)
ISSN: 1436-6215 [Electronic] Germany |
PMID | 23179200
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Biomarkers
- CCL2 protein, human
- Chemokine CCL2
- E-Selectin
- Fatty Acids
- Interleukin-18
- Interleukin-6
- Lipoproteins, LDL
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- oxidized low density lipoprotein
- alpha-Linolenic Acid
- Docosahexaenoic Acids
- Arachidonic Acid
- C-Reactive Protein
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Arachidonic Acid
(blood)
- Asian People
- Biomarkers
(blood)
- C-Reactive Protein
(metabolism)
- Chemokine CCL2
(blood)
- Dietary Supplements
- Docosahexaenoic Acids
(blood)
- E-Selectin
(blood)
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid
(blood)
- Erythrocytes
(metabolism)
- Fatty Acids
(blood)
- Female
- Flax
(chemistry)
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-18
(blood)
- Interleukin-6
(blood)
- Lipoproteins, LDL
(blood)
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome
(blood, diagnosis, prevention & control)
- Middle Aged
- Risk Factors
- Single-Blind Method
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(blood)
- alpha-Linolenic Acid
(blood)
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