Cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's biomarker profiles in CNS infections.

Abstract

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by decreased beta amyloid (Aβ(1-42)), increased total and hyperphosphorylated tau (t-tau and p-tau, respectively), which is a useful diagnostic tool and gives insight in the pathogenesis of AD. It is of importance to study how these biomarkers react in other CNS diseases; therefore, we decided to analyse amyloid and tau biomarkers in different CNS infections. We also included analysis of soluble amyloid precursor proteins (sAPPα and -β). CSF Aβ(1-42), sAPPα and -β, t-tau and p-tau were analysed in bacterial meningitis (n = 12), Lyme neuroborreliosis (n = 13), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (n = 10), HIV-associated dementia (HAD) (n = 21), AD (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 42). Concurrent with AD, Aβ(1-42) was decreased in all groups except neuroborreliosis compared to controls. HSV-1 encephalitis, bacterial meningitis and HAD showed lower concentrations of sAPPα and -β compared to AD. T-tau was increased in AD and HSV-1 encephalitis compared to all other groups. P-tau was higher in AD and HSV-1 encephalitis compared to bacterial meningitis, HAD and control. Decreased CSF Aβ(1-42), sAPPα and -β in various CNS infections imply an effect of neuroinflammation on amyloid metabolism which is similar in regard to AD concerning Aβ(1-42), but differs concerning sAPPα and -β. These results clearly indicate different pathologic pathways in AD and infectious CNS disease and may provide help in the differential biomarker diagnostics. Increased p-tau in HSV-1 encephalitis probably reflect acute neuronal damage and necrosis.

• Authors: Jan Jessen Krut, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Paola Cinque, Lars Hagberg, Richard W Price, Marie Studahl, Magnus Gisslén
• Journal: Journal of neurology (J Neurol) Vol. 260 Issue 2 Pg. 620-6 (Feb 2013) ISSN: 1432-1459 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 23052602 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Amyloid beta-Peptides
• Biomarkers
• Peptide Fragments
• amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
• tau Proteins

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Alzheimer Disease (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Amyloid beta-Peptides (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Central Nervous System Infections (cerebrospinal fluid, classification)
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Peptide Fragments (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Phosphorylation
• Retrospective Studies
• tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)