Hydrogen peroxide as an immunological transmitter regulating autoreactive T cells.

Abstract

SIGNIFICANCE:

An unexpected finding, revealed by positional cloning of genetic polymorphisms controlling models for rheumatoid arthritis, exposed a new function of Ncf1 and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 controlled oxidative burst.

RECENT ADVANCES:

A decreased capacity to produce ROS due to a natural polymorphism was found to be the major factor leading to more severe arthritis and increased T cell-dependent autoimmunity.

CRITICAL ISSUES:

In the vein of this finding, we here review a possible new role of ROS in regulating inflammatory cell and autoreactive T cell activity. It is postulated that peroxide is an immunologic transmitter secreted by antigen-presenting cells that downregulate the responses by autoreactive T cells.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS:

This may operate at different levels of T cell selection and activation: during negative selection in the thymus, priming of T cells in draining lymph nodes, and while interacting with macrophages in peripheral target tissues.

• Authors: Rikard Holmdahl, Outi Sareila, Angela Pizzolla, Susann Winter, Cecilia Hagert, Noora Jaakkola, Tiina Kelkka, Lina M Olsson, Kajsa Wing, Liselotte Bäckdahl
• Journal: Antioxidants & redox signaling (Antioxid Redox Signal) Vol. 18 Issue 12 Pg. 1463-74 (Apr 20 2013) ISSN: 1557-7716 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22900704 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Immunologic Factors
• Membrane Glycoproteins
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• CYBB protein, human
• NADPH Oxidase 2
• NADPH Oxidases

Topics

• Animals
• Antigen-Presenting Cells (enzymology, immunology)
• Arthritis, Rheumatoid (immunology)
• Humans
• Hydrogen Peroxide (metabolism)
• Immunologic Factors (metabolism)
• Lymphoid Tissue (immunology)
• Macrophages (immunology)
• Membrane Glycoproteins (genetics, metabolism)
• NADPH Oxidase 2
• NADPH Oxidases (genetics, metabolism)
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
• Respiratory Burst
• T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Thymus Gland (immunology)