For almost 30 years,
extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been clinically implemented as an effective treatment to disintegrate
urinary stones. This technology has also emerged as an effective noninvasive treatment modality for several orthopedic and traumatic indications including problematic soft tissue
wounds. Delayed/nonhealing or chronic
wounds constitute a burden for each patient affected, significantly impairing quality of life. Intensive
wound care is required, and this places an enormous burden on society in terms of lost productivity and healthcare costs. Therefore, cost-effective, noninvasive, and efficacious treatments are imperative to achieve both (accelerated and complete) healing of problematic
wounds and reduce treatment-related costs. Several experimental and clinical studies show efficacy for
extracorporeal shock wave therapy as means to accelerate tissue repair and regeneration in various
wounds. However, the biomolecular mechanism by which this treatment modality exerts its
therapeutic effects remains unclear. Potential mechanisms, which are discussed herein, include initial neovascularization with ensuing durable and functional angiogenesis. Furthermore, recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, stimulated cell proliferation and differentiation, and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects as well as suppression of nociception are considered important facets of the biological responses to therapeutic
shock waves. This review aims to provide an overview of
shock wave therapy, its history and development as well as its current place in clinical practice. Recent research advances are discussed emphasizing the role of
extracorporeal shock wave therapy in soft tissue wound healing.