Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Vorapaxar is a new oral protease-activated-receptor 1 (PAR-1) antagonist that inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation.

METHODS:

In this multinational, double-blind, randomized trial, we compared vorapaxar with placebo in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization.

RESULTS:

Follow-up in the trial was terminated early after a safety review. After a median follow-up of 502 days (interquartile range, 349 to 667), the primary end point occurred in 1031 of 6473 patients receiving vorapaxar versus 1102 of 6471 patients receiving placebo (Kaplan-Meier 2-year rate, 18.5% vs. 19.9%; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.01; P=0.07). A composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 822 patients in the vorapaxar group versus 910 in the placebo group (14.7% and 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P=0.02). Rates of moderate and severe bleeding were 7.2% in the vorapaxar group and 5.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.58; P<0.001). Intracranial hemorrhage rates were 1.1% and 0.2%, respectively (hazard ratio, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.78 to 6.45; P<0.001). Rates of nonhemorrhagic adverse events were similar in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the addition of vorapaxar to standard therapy did not significantly reduce the primary composite end point but significantly increased the risk of major bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRACER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00527943.).

• Authors: Pierluigi Tricoci, Zhen Huang, Claes Held, David J Moliterno, Paul W Armstrong, Frans Van de Werf, Harvey D White, Philip E Aylward, Lars Wallentin, Edmond Chen, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Jinglan Pei, Sergio Leonardi, Tyrus L Rorick, Ann M Kilian, Lisa H K Jennings, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Christoph Bode, Angel Cequier, Jan H Cornel, Rafael Diaz, Aycan Erkan, Kurt Huber, Michael P Hudson, Lixin Jiang, J Wouter Jukema, Basil S Lewis, A Michael Lincoff, Gilles Montalescot, José Carlos Nicolau, Hisao Ogawa, Matthias Pfisterer, Juan Carlos Prieto, Witold Ruzyllo, Peter R Sinnaeve, Robert F Storey, Marco Valgimigli, David J Whellan, Petr Widimsky, John Strony, Robert A Harrington, Kenneth W Mahaffey, TRACER Investigators
• Journal: The New England journal of medicine (N Engl J Med) Vol. 366 Issue 1 Pg. 20-33 (Jan 05 2012) ISSN: 1533-4406 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22077816 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Lactones
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
• Pyridines
• Receptor, PAR-1
• vorapaxar

Topics

• Acute Coronary Syndrome (drug therapy, therapy)
• Aged
• Angioplasty
• Cardiovascular Diseases (mortality, prevention & control)
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Coronary Artery Bypass
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Hemorrhage (chemically induced)
• Humans
• Intracranial Hemorrhages (chemically induced)
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Lactones (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Pyridines (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Receptor, PAR-1 (antagonists & inhibitors)