Accelerated cell death 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis.

Abstract

The Arabidopsis ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2 (ACD2) protein protects cells from programmed cell death (PCD) caused by endogenous porphyrin-related molecules like red chlorophyll catabolite or exogenous protoporphyrin IX. We previously found that during bacterial infection, ACD2, a chlorophyll breakdown enzyme, localizes to both chloroplasts and mitochondria in leaves. Additionally, acd2 cells show mitochondrial dysfunction. In plants with acd2 and ACD2 (+) sectors, ACD2 functions cell autonomously, implicating a pro-death ACD2 substrate as being cell non-autonomous in promoting the spread of PCD. ACD2 targeted solely to mitochondria can reduce the accumulation of an ACD2 substrate that originates in chloroplasts, indicating that ACD2 substrate molecules are likely to be mobile within cells. Two different light-dependent reactive oxygen bursts in mitochondria play prominent and causal roles in the acd2 PCD phenotype. Finally, ACD2 can complement acd2 when targeted to mitochondria or chloroplasts, respectively, as long as it is catalytically active: the ability to bind substrate is not sufficient for ACD2 to function in vitro or in vivo. Together, the data suggest that ACD2 localizes dynamically during infection to protect cells from pro-death mobile substrate molecules, some of which may originate in chloroplasts, but have major effects on mitochondria.

• Authors: Gopal K Pattanayak, Sujatha Venkataramani, Stefan Hortensteiner, Lukas Kunz, Bastien Christ, Michael Moulin, Alison G Smith, Yukihiro Okamoto, Hitoshi Tamiaki, Masakazu Sugishima, Jean T Greenberg
• Journal: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (Plant J) Vol. 69 Issue 4 Pg. 589-600 (Feb 2012) ISSN: 1365-313X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 21988537 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
• Copyright: © 2011 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Chemical References

• Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
• Arabidopsis Proteins
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Chlorophyll
• Oxidoreductases
• ACD2 protein, Arabidopsis

Topics

• Apoptosis (physiology)
• Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins (genetics, metabolism)
• Arabidopsis (enzymology, genetics, physiology, radiation effects)
• Arabidopsis Proteins (genetics, metabolism)
• Chlorophyll (metabolism)
• Chloroplasts (enzymology)
• Light
• Mitochondria (enzymology)
• Models, Biological
• Mutation
• Oxidoreductases (genetics, metabolism)
• Phenotype
• Plant Leaves (enzymology, genetics, physiology, radiation effects)
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
• Respiratory Burst