Protective effect of a Chrysanthemum indicum containing formulation in cadmium-induced ototoxicity.

Abstract	Chungshinchongyitang (CSCYT) is an herbal drug formula containing Chrysanthemum indicum and 13 other herbs used for treating auditory diseases. Irreversible hearing loss is a characteristic effect of a number of heavy metals. Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is an environmental contaminant that causes a variety of adverse effects. In the present study, we investigate the protective effects of CSCYT against Cd(2+) induced ototoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. The findings of this study show that CSCYT prevents the destruction of hair cell arrays induced by Cd(2+) in the rat organ of Corti primary explants. CSCYT inhibited cell death, release of cytochrome c and generation of reactive oxygen species induced by Cd(2+) in HEI-OC1 auditory cell line. In addition, we also demonstrated that CSCYT exerted its effect by modulating of apoptosis via the caspase-3 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. These results are expected to improve the understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of CSCYT and aid in the development of potential therapeutic strategies against ototoxicity.
Authors	Su-Jin Kim, Noh-Yil Myung, Bong-Gi Shin, Jeong-Han Lee, Hong-Seob So, Rae-Kil Park, Jae-Young Um, Seung-Heon Hong
Journal	The American journal of Chinese medicine (Am J Chin Med) Vol. 39 Issue 3 Pg. 587-600 ( 2011) ISSN: 1793-6853 [Electronic] Singapore
PMID	21598424 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Plant Extracts Protective Agents Reactive Oxygen Species Cadmium Cytochromes c Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases Caspase 3
Topics	Animals Apoptosis (drug effects) Cadmium (toxicity) Caspase 3 (metabolism) Cell Death (drug effects) Cell Line Chrysanthemum Cytochromes c (metabolism) Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (metabolism) Organ of Corti (cytology, drug effects, metabolism) Phytotherapy Plant Extracts (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Protective Agents (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)

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