Crosstalk between complement and Toll-like receptor activation in relation to donor brain death and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Abstract

Two central pathways of innate immunity, complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal injury inherent to kidney transplantation. Recent findings indicate close crosstalk between complement and TLR signaling pathways. It is suggested that mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) might be the key molecules linking both the complement and TLR pathways together. Complement and TLRs are important mediators of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Besides IRI, complement C3 can also be upregulated and activated in the kidney before transplantation as a direct result of brain death (BD) in the donor. This local upregulation and activation of complement in the donor kidney has been proven to be detrimental for renal allograft outcome. Also TLR4 and several of its major ligands are upregulated by donor BD compared to living donors. Important and in line with the observations above, kidney transplant recipients have a benefit when receiving a kidney from a TLR4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile genotypic donor. The role of complement and TLRs and crosstalk between these two innate immune systems in relation to renal injury during donor BD and ischemia-reperfusion are focus of this review. Future strategies to target complement and TLR activation in kidney transplantation are considered.

• Authors: Jeffrey Damman, Mohamed R Daha, Willem J van Son, Henri G Leuvenink, Rutger J Ploeg, Marc A Seelen
• Journal: American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (Am J Transplant) Vol. 11 Issue 4 Pg. 660-9 (Apr 2011) ISSN: 1600-6143 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 21446970 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: ©2011 The Authors Journal compilation©2011 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Chemical References

• Toll-Like Receptors
• Complement System Proteins

Topics

• Animals
• Brain Death (physiopathology)
• Complement System Proteins (metabolism)
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Kidney Transplantation (adverse effects)
• Reperfusion Injury (etiology)
• Toll-Like Receptors (metabolism)