The role of IGF-1 resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes-mellitus-related insulin resistance and vascular disease.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:

The insulin-resistant conditions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are a major cause of cardiovascular disease on a global scale. These disorders are not only a cause of ill health but are a huge financial drain on healthcare systems. T2DM leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality equivalent to over 10 years of ageing while obesity independent of T2DM also leads to a substantially increased risk of acute myocardial infarction. Recent trials of therapeutic agents and approaches to preventing the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes have been disappointing.

AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:

The role of insulin resistance in the endothelium in the regulation of the anti-atherosclerotic signalling molecule NO and a potential important role for IGF-1 in vascular NO production.

WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN:

A comprehensive understanding of how insulin and IGF-1 regulate vascular function and the effect of type 2 diabetes on these pathways.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE:

The roles of insulin and IGF-1 in vascular function are complex and intimately related. Nevertheless IGF-1 signalling in the arterial wall has the potential to be manipulated to protect the vasculature against the development of atherosclerosis and its devastating complications.

• Authors: Victoria K Gatenby, Mark T Kearney
• Journal: Expert opinion on therapeutic targets (Expert Opin Ther Targets) Vol. 14 Issue 12 Pg. 1333-42 (Dec 2010) ISSN: 1744-7631 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 21058922 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Hypoglycemic Agents
• Insulin
• Nitric Oxide
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Topics

• Animals
• Atherosclerosis (complications, metabolism)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (complications, drug therapy)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications, drug therapy)
• Endothelium, Vascular (physiology)
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Insulin (therapeutic use)
• Insulin Resistance
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (metabolism)
• Male
• Molecular Targeted Therapy
• Nitric Oxide (metabolism)
• Obesity (complications, drug therapy, etiology, metabolism)
• Risk Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Vascular Diseases (complications, drug therapy)