Recent epidemiological studies suggest that
diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for
Alzheimer disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, to investigate the pathophysiological interaction between these diseases, we generated animal models that reflect the pathologic conditions of both diseases. We crossed Alzheimer transgenic mice (APP23) with two types of diabetic mice (ob/ob and NSY mice), and analyzed their metabolic and brain pathology. The onset of diabetes exacerbated Alzheimer-like
cognitive dysfunction without an increase in brain
amyloid-beta burden in double-mutant (APP(+)-ob/ob) mice. Notably, APP(+)-ob/ob mice showed cerebrovascular
inflammation and severe
amyloid angiopathy. Conversely, the cross-bred mice showed an accelerated diabetic phenotype compared with ob/ob mice, suggesting that Alzheimer
amyloid pathology could aggravate diabetes. Similarly, APP(+)-NSY fusion mice showed more severe
glucose intolerance compared with diabetic NSY mice. Furthermore, high-fat diet feeding induced severe
memory deficits in APP(+)-NSY mice without an increase in brain
amyloid-beta load. Here, we created Alzheimer mouse models with early onset of
cognitive dysfunction. Cerebrovascular changes and alteration in brain
insulin signaling might play a pivotal role in this relationship. These findings could provide insights into this intensely debated association.