Long-term follow-up of Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: is a postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection needed after complete remission?

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Controversy arises regarding the optimal management of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) who achieve a serologic and radiographic complete remission (CR) to systemic chemotherapy. Some authors recommend postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND), whereas others omit surgery and observe these patients. In an attempt to address this question, we report the long-term follow-up of patients treated at Indiana University who were observed without PC-RPLND.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This is a retrospective analysis of patients with NSGCT who achieved a CR to first-line chemotherapy and were monitored without further therapy. CR was defined as normalization of serum tumor markers and resolution of radiographic disease (residual mass < 1 cm).

RESULTS:

One hundred forty-one patients were identified. Five patients (4%) had less than 2 years of follow-up. After a median follow-up of 15.5 years, 12 patients (9%) experienced relapse. Of these 12 patients, eight patients currently have no evidence of disease (NED), and four patients died of disease. The estimated 15-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival rates were 90% and 97%, respectively. The estimated 15-year RFS for good-risk patients (n = 109) versus intermediate- or poor-risk patients (n = 32) was 95% and 73% (P = .001), respectively. Six patients (4%) experienced recurrence in the retroperitoneum, of whom two patients died of disease. Five patients had late relapse (range, 3 to 13 years), including two patients in the retroperitoneum. All five patients currently have NED.

CONCLUSION:

Patients obtaining a CR after first-line chemotherapy can be safely observed without PC-RPLND. Relapses are rare and potentially curable with further treatment.

• Authors: Yaron Ehrlich, Mary J Brames, Stephen D W Beck, Richard S Foster, Lawrence H Einhorn
• Journal: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (J Clin Oncol) Vol. 28 Issue 4 Pg. 531-6 (Feb 01 2010) ISSN: 1527-7755 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20026808 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Cisplatin

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (therapeutic use)
• Cisplatin (therapeutic use)
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Lymph Node Excision
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local (prevention & control)
• Remission Induction
• Retroperitoneal Space
• Retrospective Studies
• Testicular Neoplasms (drug therapy, pathology)
• Time Factors
• Young Adult