Chronic alcohol intake is known to induce the selective neuronal damage associated with increase oxidative-nitrosative stress and activation of inflammatory cascade finally resulting in neuronal apoptosis and thus
dementia. In the present study, we investigated the comparative effect of both the
isoforms of
vitamin E,
alpha-tocopherol and
tocotrienol against chronic alcohol-induced
cognitive dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were given
ethanol (10g/kg; oral gavage) for 10 weeks, and treated with
alpha-tocopherol and
tocotrienol for the same duration. The learning and memory behavior was assessed using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze test. The rats were sacrificed at the end of 10th week and cytoplasmic fractions of cerebral cortex and hippocampus were prepared for the quantification of
acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative-nitrosative stress parameters,
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (
TNF-alpha), and
interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). From the 6th week onwards,
ethanol-treated rats showed significant increase in transfer latency in both the behavioral paradigms which was coupled with enhanced
acetylcholinesterase activity, increased oxidative-nitrosative stress,
TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in different brain regions of
ethanol-treated rats. Co-administration of
alpha-tocopherol as well as
tocotrienol significantly and dose-dependently prevented these behavioral, biochemical and molecular changes in the brains of
ethanol-treated rats. However, the effects were more pronounced with
tocotrienol. The current study thus demonstrates the possible involvement of oxidative-nitrosative stress mediated activation of inflammatory cascade in chronic alcohol-induced
cognitive dysfunction and also suggests the effectiveness of
vitamin E isoforms, of which
tocotrienol being more potent, in preventing the cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol consumption.