Pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability of difloxacin in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Abstract

Single-dose disposition kinetics of difloxacin (5mg/kg bodyweight) were determined in clinically normal male dromedary camels (n=6) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. Difloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic methods. Following a single IV injection, the plasma difloxacin concentration-time curve was best described by a two-compartment open model, with a distribution half-life (t(1/2alpha)) of 0.22+/-0.02h and an elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) of 2.97+/-0.31h. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(dss)) and total body clearance (Cl(tot)) were 1.02+/-0.21L/kg and 0.24+/-0.07L/kg/h, respectively. Following IM administration, the absorption half-life (t(1)(/)(2ab)) and the mean absorption time (MAT) were 0.44+/-0.03h and 1.53+/-0.22h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of 2.84+/-0.34microg/mL was achieved at 1.42+/-0.21h. The elimination half-life (t(1/2el)) and the mean residence time (MRT) was 3.46+/-0.42h and 5.61+/-0.23h, respectively. The in vitro plasma protein binding of difloxacin ranged from 28-43% and the absolute bioavailability following IM administration was 93.51+/-11.63%. Difloxacin could be useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in camels that are sensitive to this drug.

• Authors: K Abo-El-Sooud, A Goudah
• Journal: Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) (Vet J) Vol. 179 Issue 2 Pg. 282-6 (Feb 2009) ISSN: 1090-0233 [Print] England
• PMID: 18603456 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Ciprofloxacin
• difloxacin

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics)
• Area Under Curve
• Biological Availability
• Camelus (blood, metabolism)
• Ciprofloxacin (adverse effects, analogs & derivatives, pharmacokinetics)
• Injections, Intramuscular (veterinary)
• Intestinal Absorption
• Male