Lipopolysaccharide sensing an important factor in the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacterial infections: benefits and hazards of LPS hypersensitivity.

Abstract

In this review, we summarize our investigations concerning the differential importance of CD14 and LBP in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2)-mediated signaling by smooth and rough-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chemotypes and include the results obtained in studies with murine and human TLR4-transgenic mice. Furthermore, we present more recent data on the mechanisms involved in the induction of LPS hypersensitivity by bacterial and viral infections and on the reactivity of the hypersensitive host to non-LPS microbial ligands and endogenous mediators. Finally, the effects of pre-existing hypersensitivity on the course and outcome of a super-infection with Salmonella typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes are summarized.

• Authors: Marina A Freudenberg, Sandrine Tchaptchet, Simone Keck, György Fejer, Michael Huber, Nicole Schütze, Bruce Beutler, Chris Galanos
• Journal: Immunobiology (Immunobiology) Vol. 213 Issue 3-4 Pg. 193-203 ( 2008) ISSN: 0171-2985 [Print] Netherlands
• PMID: 18406367 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Ly96 protein, mouse
• Lymphocyte Antigen 96
• Tlr4 protein, mouse
• Toll-Like Receptor 4
• Interleukin-12
• Interferon-gamma

Topics

• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing (metabolism)
• Animals
• Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (metabolism)
• Humans
• Immune System
• Interferon-gamma (metabolism)
• Interleukin-12 (metabolism)
• Lipopolysaccharides (metabolism)
• Lymphocyte Antigen 96
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C3H
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Mice, Transgenic
• Models, Biological
• Signal Transduction
• Toll-Like Receptor 4 (metabolism)