We and others have shown that prior exposure to the volatile
anesthetic isoflurane induces ischemic tolerance in the brain. Our results also suggest that
isoflurane preconditioning reduces cell apoptosis in the penumbral region of rat brain. We designed this study to determine whether
isoflurane preconditioning decreased mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to or not exposed to 2%
isoflurane for 30 min at 24 h before the permanent middle cerebral
arterial occlusion. Western blotting was used to quantify
protein expression in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of non-ischemic brain cortex and brain cortex in the ischemic core and penumbra.
Isoflurane preconditioning significantly decreased the
infarct volume of cerebral cortex and improved neurological outcome.
Isoflurane increased the expression of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)
proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats without
brain ischemia. Rats preconditioned with
isoflurane before
brain ischemia had increased Bcl-2 expression in the penumbra.
Isoflurane preconditioning reduced the release of
cytochrome c from the mitochondria and the activation of
caspase 3 in the penumbra. However,
isoflurane preconditioning did not alter the translocation of Bid and Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondria, identified mechanisms for Bcl-2 to block the release of
cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Our results suggest that
isoflurane preconditioning increases Bcl-2 expression to block the release of
cytochrome c from the mitochondria to decrease the cell apoptosis in the penumbra.