Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To investigate to what extent antagonists of spinal neurotransmitters interact with the effects of sacral neuromodulation in a rat model of a chronically hyperactive urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RESULTS: With no electrical neuromodulation, memantine and L-NAPNA abolished the cystitis-induced bladder contractions for approximately 4 and approximately 37 min, respectively. The effect of CNQX was similar to that of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Electrical sacral modulation with no antagonists also transiently abolished the bladder contractions; at the highest intensity used, the pause was 2-3 min. Superfusion of the spinal cord with CNQX reduced this effect of neuromodulation significantly, whereas memantine had no influence, and L-NAPNA increased the neuromodulation-induced pause. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that non- NMDA receptors are involved in the effects of sacral neuromodulation, whereas NMDA receptors appear to have no role. Nitric oxide is essential for maintaining the chronic hyperactive state of the urinary bladder.
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Authors | Seyed-Hossein Riazimand, Siegfried Mense |
Journal | BJU international
(BJU Int)
Vol. 96
Issue 6
Pg. 900-8
(Oct 2005)
ISSN: 1464-4096 [Print] England |
PMID | 16153226
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Anilides
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
- Nitric Oxide
- 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
- N(G)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide
- Arginine
- Nitric Oxide Synthase
- Memantine
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Topics |
- 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
(pharmacology)
- Anilides
(pharmacology)
- Animals
- Arginine
(analogs & derivatives, pharmacology)
- Chronic Disease
- Cystitis
(physiopathology)
- Electric Stimulation
(methods)
- Female
- Lumbosacral Plexus
(drug effects)
- Memantine
(pharmacology)
- Muscle Contraction
(drug effects)
- Neurotransmitter Agents
(antagonists & inhibitors)
- Nitric Oxide
(antagonists & inhibitors, physiology)
- Nitric Oxide Synthase
(antagonists & inhibitors)
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
(physiology)
- Urinary Incontinence
(etiology, physiopathology)
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