Factors influencing the severity of the
metabolic syndrome among obese subjects or the conversion to
cardiovascular disease or
type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain largely unknown, but there is strong evidence for
genetic susceptibilities.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1 (
PPARGC1) is a transcriptional co-activator of many
nuclear receptors including
PPAR-gamma, involved in the regulation of
fatty acid oxidation, skeletal muscle fiber type specificity, and gluconeogenesis. Given the critical role of
PPARGC1, it becomes a promising candidate gene for the
metabolic syndrome and T2D. This study aimed to investigate whether genetic variations in human
PPARGC1 gene are associated with
metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes and T2D among obese subjects. Molecular screening of the
PPARGC1 gene in 24 morbidly obese French-Canadians revealed 13 variants. Eight genetic variations were in introns: c.55-27T>A, c.234+52C>A, c.553-40A>G, c.553-11T>C, c.757+161T>C, c.1793+19C>G, c.2141+192G>A, and c.2293+146A>G, and five were in coding regions: Thr394Thr, Asp475Asp, Gly482Ser, Thr528Thr, and Thr612Met with a relative allele frequency of 18.5, 5.2, 37.0, 42.5, and 6.8%, respectively. Thr394Thr, Asp475Asp, and Thr528Thr were in linkage disequilibrium with the Gly482Ser variant, the only non-synonymous variant with a relative allele frequency of more than 10%. Association studies were performed with the Gly482Ser variant. In non-diabetics, we compared between genotype differences in
metabolic syndrome-related traits (waist girth, SBP, DBP,
triglycerides,
HDL-cholesterol (C), and fasting
glucose levels). There was a difference in mean plasma HDL-C concentrations, the Gly/Gly group had lower concentrations than the Gly/Ser group (P<0.05). These results suggest that the Gly482Ser polymorphism may explain some of the between-obese variance observed in
metabolic syndrome-related traits.