Abstract |
Astrocytes comprise the major cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and they are essential for support of neuronal functions by providing nutrients and regulating cell-to-cell communication. Astrocytes also are immune-like cells that become reactive in response to neuronal injury. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are a family of ubiquitous enzymes that degrade membrane phospholipids and produce lipid mediators for regulating cellular functions. Three major classes of PLA2 are expressed in astrocytes: group IV calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), group VI calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2), and group II secretory PLA2( sPLA2). Upregulation of PLA2 in reactive astrocytes has been shown to occur in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on describing the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of G protein-coupled receptors on PLA2 activation, arachidonic acid (AA) release, and production of prostanoids in astrocytes.
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Authors | Grace Y Sun, Jianfeng Xu, Michael D Jensen, Sue Yu, W Gibson Wood, Fernando A González, Agnes Simonyi, Albert Y Sun, Gary A Weisman |
Journal | Molecular neurobiology
(Mol Neurobiol)
Vol. 31
Issue 1-3
Pg. 27-41
( 2005)
ISSN: 0893-7648 [Print] United States |
PMID | 15953810
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Review)
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Chemical References |
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Phospholipases A
- Phospholipases A2
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Topics |
- Animals
- Astrocytes
(enzymology, pathology)
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Neurodegenerative Diseases
(enzymology)
- Oxidative Stress
(physiology)
- Phospholipases A
(metabolism)
- Phospholipases A2
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
(agonists, metabolism)
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