Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Circulating C-peptide concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, associations between fructose and the quantity and quality of total carbohydrate intake in relation to C-peptide concentrations have not been adequately examined.

OBJECTIVE:

We assessed the association of dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake with fasting C-peptide concentrations.

DESIGN:

Plasma C-peptide concentrations were measured in a cross-sectional setting in 1999 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study I and II. Dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake were assessed with the use of semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires.

RESULTS:

After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted fructose intake had 13.9% higher C-peptide concentrations (P for trend = 0.01) than did subjects in the lowest quintile. Similarly, in the multivariate model, subjects in the highest quintile of glycemic load had 14.1% (P for trend = 0.09) and 16.1% (P for trend = 0.04) higher C-peptide concentrations than did subjects in the lowest quintile after further adjustment for total fat or carbohydrate intake, respectively. In contrast, subjects with high intakes of cereal fiber had 15.6% lower (P for trend = 0.03) C-peptide concentrations after control for other covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that high intakes of fructose and high glycemic foods are associated with higher C-peptide concentrations, whereas consumption of carbohydrates high in fiber, such as whole-grain foods, is associated with lower C-peptide concentrations. Furthermore, our study suggests that these nutrients play divergent roles in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

• Authors: Tianying Wu, Edward Giovannucci, Tobias Pischon, Susan E Hankinson, Jing Ma, Nader Rifai, Eric B Rimm
• Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition (Am J Clin Nutr) Vol. 80 Issue 4 Pg. 1043-9 (Oct 2004) ISSN: 0002-9165 [Print] United States
• PMID: 15447918 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• C-Peptide
• Dietary Carbohydrates
• Dietary Fiber
• Fructose

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• C-Peptide (blood)
• Cohort Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, epidemiology, etiology)
• Dietary Carbohydrates (administration & dosage, metabolism)
• Dietary Fiber (administration & dosage, metabolism)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Fasting
• Feeding Behavior
• Female
• Fructose (administration & dosage, metabolism)
• Glycemic Index
• Humans
• Insulin Resistance
• Middle Aged
• Multivariate Analysis
• Nurses (statistics & numerical data)
• Surveys and Questionnaires